Quantum-Resistant Cryptographic Techniques for Financial Institutions

Abstract

As quantum machines grow stronger, banks and insurers are already rethinking how they guard customer data, uphold privacy, and protect digital IDs. Well-worn tools like RSA and ECC now look shaky under a future quantum assault, pushing firms into a scramble for post-quantum defenses. This paper reviews the latest post-quantum landscape, weighing lattice, code, and multivariate, hash, and isogeny families side by side. Backed by fresh research, NIST standards, and real-world trials from major banks and cyber vendors, it flags both promise and hurdles in rolling out each option. Results show that lattice schemes, notably CRYSTALS-Kyber and Dilithium, stand out, while hybrid mixes and crypto-agility plans are still a must. The paper closes with a clear step-by-step map so that financial outfits can start pilots and gradually field quantum-ready cryptography.