Implementing Zero Trust Architecture: Principles, Models and Challenges

Abstract

The combination of cloud adoption, mobile workforces, and advanced cyber threats has rendered traditional perimeter-based security models ineffective, as they no longer effectively protect networks. This paper examines Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), a strategic security model that operates based on the fundamental concept of "never trust, always verify." The research investigates ZTA fundamentals through explicit verification and least privilege access and micro-segmentation while demonstrating how Identity and Access Management (IAM) functions as the essential foundation of this architecture. The research presents a functional deployment approach based on NIST SP 800-207 standards, which starts with protecting surface identification, followed by transaction flow mapping and implementation of detailed access controls. The research examines three major obstacles organizations encounter when implementing Zero Trust, which include user resistance to change, system integration difficulties with existing infrastructure, and challenges in maintaining user convenience. The implementation of Zero Trust represents an absolute necessity for organizations, as it creates a robust security system that protects against contemporary threats in today's distributed digital landscape.